Ломовская Наталья Д.
Висконсинский университет, США
DOI: 10.24411/2076-8176-2017-11926
Актиномицеты рода Streptomyces образуют большинство антибиотиков и других биологически активных веществ. Актинофаг phiC 31 был изолирован в 1968 году в лаборатории генетики актиномицетов и актинофагов в институте генетики и селекции промышленных микроорганизмов в Москве. Там же в течение более чем 20 лет проводилось его генетическое и молекулярногенетическое изучение. Построение подробных генетических и физических карт генома phiC 31 позволило приступить к конструированию на его основе векторных молекул. Штамм Streptomyces lividans 66 оказался самым оптимальным реципиентом изолированной ДНК и используется в этом качестве во всех лабораториях мира, работающих с актиномицетами. В работах сотрудников института Д. Иннеса (Англия) и в работах лаборатории под руководством автора этих строк были получены фаговые векторы различного назначения, которые в дальнейшем использовались для идентификации генов антибиотикообразования в штаммах — продуцентах антибиотиков.
Ключевые слова: актинофаг phiC31, Streptomyces lividans 66, Streptomyces coelicolor АЗ(2), интеграза phiC31, система Pgl.
The History of How the Streptomyces Phage phiC31 and Its Favorite Strain Streptomyces Iividans 66 Gained the Worldwide Prominence
Lomovskaya Natalia D.
Professor Dr., Madison, Wisconsin, USA
DOI: 10.24411/2076-8176-2017-11926
This paper describes the discovery and subsequent comprehensive investigation of the temperate bacteriophage phiC31. It was isolated in 1968 in Moscow, in the laboratory of genetics of Actinomycetes and actinophages in the Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms. Our laboratory dedicated the more than 20 years for studying genetics and molecular genetics of this phage. The phage was isolated based on its activity against two strains, the model, genetically characterized strain of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and the strain of Streptomyces lividans 66, which was the most sensitive to this phage. Streptomyces are legendary for their ability to produce a variety of secondary metabolites, among them many useful antibiotics. Detailed genetic and physical maps of allowed construction of useful vector molecules based on PhiC 31. In addition, the strain of Streptomyces lividans 66 was identified as the most optimal recipient for cloning of isolated Streptomyces DNA and since then and until now it is being used as a cloning host worldwide in the laboratories involved in Streptomyces research. The laboratory of the John Innes Institute (Norwich, England) and our laboratory developed numerous phiC31 phage vectors that were successfully used for identification and cloning of genes responsible for synthesis of antibiotics from many antibiotic producing strains. In the course of these studies it was demonstrated that phage vectors in many cases were unquestionably advantageous over plasmid-based vectors. Our laboratory also discovered and provided detailed characterization of the phage growth limitation system (Pgl). This Pgl system together with restriction and modification (RM) systems play imp ortant role in phage growth limitation in bacteria. Another important consequence of our studies of phiC31 is identification of its integrase enzyme that worldwide use now for transgenesis driven by its unic properties, efficiency, ease-of-use, and versatility.
Keywords: actinophage phiC31, Streptomyces lividans 66, Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), phiC31 integrase, Pgl.