Касьяненко К.В., Потехин И.В., Ляшенко Ю.И.
ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова» МО РФ, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
DOI: 10.24412/2076-8176-2022-4-93-114-123
История столкновений человека с новыми инфекционными агентами насчитывает сотни лет, однако сложности, связанные с контролем и борьбой с масштабным распространением заболеваний, сохраняются и сегодня. Новая коронавирусная инфекция (COVID-19), впервые зарегистрированная в декабре 2019 г. в Китае, продолжает оставаться глобальной проблемой мирового здравоохранения, вызывая широкий резонанс во всех сферах мирового сообщества. В данной статье рассмотрены основные исторические аспекты предшествующих эпидемических вспышек, вызванных коронавирусами, показаны преимущества и недостатки применения различных стратегий противоэпидемических мероприятий, в том числе и в контексте пандемии COVID-19.
Ключевые слова: новая короновирусная инфекция, эпидемия, COVID-19, SaRS-Cov-2.
Coronavirus diseases: lessons, experience and perspectives
Kristina V. Kasyanenko, Igor V. Pothekhin, Jurij I. Lyashenko
The S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
DOI: 10.24412/2076-8176-2022-4-93-114-123
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2. is highly pathogenic viral
infection, which became a worldwide problem and resulted in huge economical, healthcare and social
impact. It has raised concerns regarding health and safety of global population, bringing brought both
new approaches to the organization of public safety, and new controversial issues that require further
discussion. Risk of uncontrolled spread of infection led to the application of different types of antiepidemic
measures, including reduction of social activities, isolation, respiratory hygiene and social
distancing. Most of them seem to be effective, though governments of different countries faced the
problem of public denial, which resulted in substantially low acceptance of suggested measures. On
the one hand intention to get vaccinated among adults is significantly reduced because of the lack of
information about safety and effectiveness of proposed vaccines, but on the other hand the fact of
being infected leads to suffering from social stigmas. In this study we discussed the main characteristics
of previous outbreaks of coronavirus disease, including SARS and MERS epidemics as well as the
approaches that has been applied to stop the spread of diseases. Different problems related to fighting
against infectious disease outbreaks have been highlighted, as well as the issues of global community
perception. We showed main clinical features of COVID-19 infection among young adults and,
summarized different types of anti-epidemic strategies and reviewed some of the social aspects of
pandemic, which make the COVID-19 pandemic more than a healthcare problem, but a global crisis
that affects many aspects of human lives.
Keywords: novel coronavirus disease, pandemic, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2.